Our research focuses on tiny particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are naturally released by cells and play a role in regulating the immune system. With previous support from the Charcot Foundation, we discovered that EVs produced by certain protective immune cells can help reduce harmful inflammation. These vesicles act like messengers, carrying proteins and genetic material that influence how immune cells behave, often in ways that promote health. Interestingly, parts of mitochondria—often called the “powerhouses of the cell”—might also be involved in how EVs support immune tolerance, though we don’t yet fully understand this connection. With further support from the Charcot Foundation, we aim to uncover how mitochondrial components affect EV function and explore how these vesicles work specifically in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS).